Freshservice vs. Jira Service Management comparison. Choose the right ITSM software in 2024.
Businesses handle 10,000+ service requests per month on average. That is a new ticket every 4 minutes.
In 2024, a comprehensive IT Service Management (ITSM) tool is a must-have. Two options stand out among the competition: Freshservice and Jira Service Management. Both promise to support agents and optimize the service desk. But which one fits YOUR business?
Let’s explore Freshservice vs. Jira Service Management to find your perfect match.
Table of contents
- Introduction to Freshservice and Jira Service Management
- Key differences and recommendations: the comparison table
- [Freshservice vs Jira Service Management] Key features comparison
- [Freshservice vs Jira Service Management] Pricing and plans
- [Freshservice vs Jira Service Management] Configuration and scalability
- [Jira Service Management vs Freshservice] Customer support and resources
- [Freshservice vs Jira Service Management] Integration with development tools
- [Jira Service Management vs Freshservice] AI-Powered Capabilities
- [Freshservice vs Jira Service Management] User reviews and ratings
- [Jira Service Management vs Freshservice] Use cases and industry adoption
- Choose between Freshservice and Jira Service Management based on specific business needs
Introduction to Freshservice and Jira Service Management
Here’s where Freshservice and Jira Service Management come in. They’re both designed to help businesses manage their IT service desk. Let’s take a look at the tools.
What is Freshservice?
Freshservice is an ITSM software solution, based on Cloud hosting. It allows you to manage IT requests, from password resets to technical problems. Freshservice is intuitive and easy to set up. This makes it a good fit for businesses of all sizes.
Is Freshservice an ITSM?
Yes. Freshservice is a fully functional ITSM solution, offering features like incident management, problem management, change management, and self-service options for users.
Make your ITSM processes clear with the intuitive tool.
What is Jira Service Management (fka Jira Service Desk)?
Jira Service Management is another popular ITSM software solution. It’s part of the wider Jira family of project management tools. JSM integrates with other Atlassian products like Confluence and Bitbucket. Most users value the software for its customization options.
Does your company have more specific needs? We have the ITSM tool that can meet them.
What is the difference between Freshservice and Jira?
Both Freshservice and Jira Service Management are ITSM solutions. However, they have some differences you should consider before making the final decision.
- Platform. Freshservice is a standalone product. Jira Service Management is built on the Jira platform. It integrates seamlessly with other Atlassian tools.
- Pricing model. Freshservice offers per-agent pricing. On the contrary, Jira Service Management has a per-user pricing model.
- Customization: Both platforms offer customization. Jira Service Management has more options but may require technical expertise to set up.
Further in this article, we’ll also take a look at the following criteria:
- ease of use
- features
- customization and flexibility
- integrations
- pricing
- customer support
We’ll talk about the platforms’ pros and cons in these areas. All to give you an understanding of which one fits your organization’s needs and budget.
Key differences and recommendations: the comparison table
Ultimately, the choice between Freshservice and Jira Service Management depends on your organization’s specific requirements, budget, and existing toolset. If you’re having trouble choosing, check out the comparison table below.
Feature | ||
---|---|---|
Platform | Part of the Jira family | Standalone product |
Pricing model | Per user | Per agent |
Ease of use | Complex at first | User-friendly |
Service desk capabilities | ✓ | ✓ |
AI assistant | Atlassian Intelligence | Fredy |
Incident management | Offers control and organization | Focuses on speed and ease |
Problem management | Integrates with Jira Software | Offers problem record view |
Change management | Comprehensive change management module | Offers basic change management features |
Asset management | Requires plugins or Premium plan | Built-in asset management module |
Knowledge base & self service | ✓ | ✓ |
Reporting & analytics | Pre-built reports, custom reports, real-time dashboards | Similar features |
Scalability | Great scalability for large volumes of tickets | Flexible architecture |
Enterprise features | Advanced reporting, multi-site support, extensive app ecosystem | Advanced reporting, multi-site support, third-party integrations |
Customer support | Support channels depend on plan, response times vary | 24/5 chat support for admins |
Training and documentation | Extensive documentation, video tutorials, instructor-led courses, certifications | Detailed knowledge base, video tutorials, online courses |
Integration with development tools | Integrates with Atlassian products | Built-in integrations with popular development tools |
AI capabilities | Focuses on predictive analytics | Chatbot assistance |
Industry adoption | Often used by IT and software development companies | Used in various industries, including education and healthcare |
Suited for | Large enterprises, complex needs | SMBs, beginners |
Pros | Deep integrations, customization options, powerful reporting | User-friendly, excellent support, regular updates |
Cons | Complex at first, expensive for large teams | Reporting features could be more advanced |
[Freshservice vs Jira Service Management] Key features comparison
Both tools offer ITSM features but are dedicated to slightly different needs. Let’s dive into details to find the best fit for your organization.
User interface and ease of use
Freshservice has an intuitive interface with drag-and-drop options. It allows teams to match the UI to their preference easily. In contrast, Jira Service Management can feel complex initially. However, remember that it offers wider customization possibilities once you get the hang of it.
Service desk capabilities
Freshservice and Jira Service Management include multi-channel support for agents. With both, you can handle requests from anywhere. The tools also let teams organize ticket management to track issues and automate repetitive tasks in Jira.
Here Freshservice brings an extra advantage to the table: Freddy, their AI-powered chatbot. Freddy deals with simple users’ questions so your support team can focus on more complicated issues. This is a strong benefit for businesses looking to reduce agent workload.
Incident management
Freshservice and Jira Service Management can both support you when it comes to IT incidents. However, they each have their strengths. Consider your team’s preferences and what support would work best for them.
Freshservice is all about speed and ease. It gives your team instant alerts and automatically escalates issues. This keeps things moving smoothly.
On the other hand, Jira Service Management offers more control and organization. It provides detailed reports to help you understand your incidents better and lets you schedule who’s on call for emergencies.
Feature | Freshservice | Jira Service Management |
Real-time alerts | ✓ | ✓ |
Escalation matrices | ✓ | ✓ |
SLA tracking | ✓ | ✓ |
On-call scheduling | – | ✓ |
Problem management
Both tools have features to help identify and resolve problems. Freshservice allows users to link related incidents to them. It gives you a centralized view of problem records. Jira Service Management offers similar functionalities. Plus, it integrates with Jira Software where developers work on fixes. This way, you get a complete development workflow and manage everything in one place.
Change management
Change management is an area where Jira Service Management shines. It offers a comprehensive change management module. The module includes risk assessment, change calendars, and built-in approval workflows. Freshservice also has change management features, however, they are not as extensive as in JSM.
Asset management
Freshservice has a built-in asset management module. It allows IT teams to track and manage hardware and software assets. It offers automatic discovery, asset lifecycle management, and software license management.
Jira Service Management also offers asset management features through plugins. This gives you flexibility but might require additional setup.
Knowledge base and self-service portal
In both Freshservice and JSM, you get a knowledge base and a self-service portal. They let agents create, organize, and share knowledge articles, FAQs, and guides. End-users can find answers to their questions, send tickets, and track their progress.
Reporting and analytics
Freshservice and Jira Service Management provide reporting and analytics features. They offer pre-built reports, custom report creation, and real-time dashboards. These abilities help IT teams track service desk KPIs and make data-driven decisions.
Service Level Management (SLM) and Service Level Agreements (SLA) capabilities
Both tools have SLM and SLA support. They help IT teams track and manage service levels. You can set up SLAs and monitor performance against agreed-upon metrics.
Thanks to this you ensure SLA compliance to your customers. To keep them even more in the loop, you can use plugins, like Extension for Jira Service Management. The app lets you display SLAs to your clients, so they can track the progress of their requests anytime they need.
Feature | Freshservice | Jira Service Management |
Incident Management | Yes | Yes |
Problem Management | Yes | Yes |
Change Management | Yes | Yes |
Asset Management | Yes | Yes |
Self-Service Portal | Yes | Yes |
Knowledge Base | Yes | Yes |
Reporting and Analytics | Yes | Yes |
[Freshservice vs Jira Service Management] Pricing and plans
Pricing is a key thing to consider when choosing between Freshservice and Jira ticketing systems. In this section, you’ll see the monthly pricing of both.
Freshservice gives you per-agent pricing, while Jira Service Management uses a per-user pricing model. The final price depends on team size and usage.
Freshservice pricing structure
Freshservice has four pricing plans:
- Starter: $15 per agent/month
- Growth: $40 per agent/month
- Pro: $80 per agent/month
- Enterprise: $105 per agent/month
All plans include core features like incident management, a knowledge base, and a service catalog. Higher-tier plans offer additional features like change management, asset management, and AI-powered automation.
Jira Service Management pricing model
Jira Service Management provides users the free version for up to 3 agents. It also has three pricing tiers:
- Standard: $19,04 per agent/month
- Premium: $47,82 per agent/month
- Enterprise: Custom pricing
The Standard plan includes request management, unlimited notification, and a custom-planned help center. The Premium plan adds features like change management, asset management, and AI-powered operations.
Cost comparison for different business sizes
To help you understand the costs for your business, let’s compare the pricing for different team sizes:
Team Size | Freshservice (Growth) | Jira Service Management (Premium) |
10 agents | $400/month | $478,20/month |
25 agents | $1000/month | $1 195,5/month |
50 agents | $2000/month | $2 391/month |
As you can see, the cost difference is around $100-400. and the choice should ultimately depend on the features your team needs.
[Freshservice vs Jira Service Management] Configuration and scalability
We’ve just considered the pricing and plans for Freshservice and Jira Service Management. It’s time to discover how these tools can be installed and scaled within your company.
Ease of setup and configuration
As mentioned, Freshservice offers a user-friendly interface and a guided setup process. It makes it easier for IT teams to get started quickly.
On the other hand, Jira Service Management requires more technical expertise to set up and configure. The initial setup process can be more time-consuming compared to Freshservice.
Nevertheless, with Jira Service Management templates you can simplify the process. They come in different categories, like ones for ITSM, Jira HR service management, or customer support. The templates are pre-configured with request types and workflows.
Scalability possibilities for growing businesses
As your business grows, you should secure a ticketing system that can scale with you. Freshservice has a flexible architecture. It allows you to add new users, departments, and workflows.
Jira Service Management also assists in scaling. It handles large volumes of tickets and can support multiple teams and projects at once. However, it comes with a steeper learning curve. For this reason, you may need more resources to manage it effectively.
Enterprise-grade capabilities
With both, you get advanced reporting and multi-site support. However, Jira Service Management has a strong plus. It’s the ecosystem of apps. It can be used to extend its functionalities.
Feature | Freshservice | Jira Service Management |
Ease of setup | Guided setup process, user-friendly interface | Requires technical expertise |
Scalability | Flexible architecture, easy to add users and workflows | Great scalability, handles large volumes of tickets |
Enterprise features | Advanced reporting, multi-site support, third-party integrations | Extensive ecosystem of apps and plugins integrates with Atlassian products |
[Jira Service Management vs Freshservice] Customer support and resources
Of course, features matter, but support capabilities are the key in ITSM. In this section, you’ll discover the tools’ support channels, training, and user communities.
Support channels and availability
First, check out differences in availability and response times.
Jira Service Management support
Jira Service Management support working hours are:
- Standard plan: 9/5 regional business hours
- Premium plan: 24/7
- Enterprise plan: 24/7
- Priority Support: 24/7 for L1 issues and 24/5 for L2-L4 issues.
The initial response time (IRT) for Jira Service Management support depends on the severity of the issue. For Priority Support, the response times are:
- Level 1: Application Down – 30 minutes
- Level 2: Serious Degradation – 2 hours
- Level 3: Moderate Impact – 8 hours
- Level 4: Low Impact / Inquiry – 24 hours
The document does not specify the initial response time for standard Jira Service Management support. However, it does say that standard support is bundled with Jira Service Management cloud deployments.
Freshservice support
When it comes to Freshservice, you can use a self-service portal for support. Admins can also chat with the Freshservice team on 24/5.
Training and documentation
Access to training materials and documentation is important. It comes in handy when onboarding new users and ensuring your team makes the most of the tool they’re using. Let’s compare what’s in store in Jira Service Management and Freshservice:
Jira Service Management training materials
- Documentation with step-by-step guides and tutorials
- Video tutorials and webinars
- Instructor-led courses (paid)
- Certification programs for administrators and users
Freshservice training materials
- Knowledge base with articles and guides
- Video tutorials
- Live and recorded webinars
- Online training courses (free)
As you can see, Jira Service Management’s workshops are slightly more comprehensive. They include paid instructor-led courses and certification programs. It can be especially beneficial for larger organizations.
User community and resources
Active user communities are great for troubleshooting tips and sharing success stories. Both Jira Service Management and Freshservice offer good support resources. However, JSM distinguishes itself with a dedicated Atlassian Community.
Community Feature | Jira Service Management | Freshservice |
User forums | ✓ | ✓ |
Community events | ✓ | ✓ |
Marketplace apps | ✓ | ✓ |
Developer portal | ✓ | ✗ |
[Freshservice vs Jira Service Management] Integration with development tools
Connecting your ITSM tool with the development ecosystem supports collaboration between support and dev teams. Let’s see how JSM and Freshservice differ in their approach and the tools they integrate with.
Freshservice integrations
Freshservice provides a range of built-in integrations with popular development tools. They include GitHub, GitLab, and Bitbucket. It allows you to link incidents and requests to specific code commits, pull requests, or branches. Connecting the tools supports communication between IT and development teams.
Jira Service Management’s integration with the Atlassian ecosystem
JSM naturally integrates with other Atlassian tools: Jira Software, Bitbucket, and Confluence. It simplifies collaboration and synchronizing data.
For example, linking Jira Service Management with Jira Software allows IT teams to escalate issues to the development team easily. Only then can the dev team create linked development tasks to resolve them. This reduces manual effort. And no critical information is lost in the process.
[Jira Service Management vs Freshservice] AI-Powered Capabilities
AI is changing the way companies handle ITSM. Let’s compare the AI capabilities of Freshservice and Jira Service Management.
Freshservice’s Freddy AI
Freshservice’s AI, Freddy, uses machine learning to provide intelligent automation and assistance. Key features include:
- drafting ticket responses, summaries, and articles
- self-service for employees (no forms needed!)
- performance analysis and underlining key insights
- first-line support for customers in less complicated issues
The chatbot significantly reduces manual work for agents.
Jira Service Management’s AI features
Jira Service Management uses AI called Atlassian Intelligence. Here are some of the things you can do with it:
- automate support interactions through the virtual agent
- answer customer questions using generative AI from a knowledge base
- summarize issue details
- create and improve knowledge base articles
- suggest request types based on how you describe the kind of work your team manages
- find similar issues to help you resolve issues faster
- recommend knowledge base articles to share with customers
- predict who to assign an issue to
To sum up, JSM gives you more info for data-driven decisions. However, Freshservice’s Freddy provides a more rounded AI experience with its chatbot.
[Freshservice vs Jira Service Management] User reviews and ratings
How Freshservice and Jira Service Management perform in real-world scenarios? To answer this, check reviews from platforms like G2, Capterra, and TrustRadius. They reflect the experiences of professionals who used these ticketing systems.
Jira Service Management vs Freshservice pros and cons according to user feedback
Freshservice
Freshservice earns praise for its:
- User-friendly interface
- Sufficient feature set for smaller companies and startups
- Excellent customer support
- Regular updates and improvements
On the other hand, users mention that Freshservice’s reporting could be more advanced. Here’s what users say on G2:
I like that it offers more than just ticketing. We are currently using it to track projects, changes, on/offboarding, and more. It is very easy to use and easy to learn for first time ticketing system users. We have only been using it less than a year but we have been able to learn to use it very quickly and the staff at Freshservice are very helpful! The analytics tracking it provides has also allowed us to improve our department’s performance goals.
Freshservice is developed in an Agile process, so some features are released in an MVP (minimum viable product). This is both a blessing and a curse. We are able to see features they are working toward but sometimes there are more bugs. So you just have to be prepared to run into more issues with these new features and functions. The blessing is that often the things they are producing are items that have actual impact to the work being done within the system.
Jira Service Management
Jira Service Management’s strengths, as confirmed by users, include:
- Integration with other Atlassian tools
- Wide customization options
- Powerful reporting and analytics
- Scalability for large organizations
However, users also point out that Jira Service Management can seem to be complex at first:
JSM has some initial learning curve to understand. However, once you know it, Jira is a powerful tool for managing and tracking tickets for internal projects and workflows. You can set up the dashboards in minutes and get total control over the number of requests you are getting. It brings instant visibility into the ticket queue and configures the trends and analytics of the tickets.
Jira Service Management is a very easy tool to use especially in a large organization with many users working in different areas of a project. There is a rollout learning curve but overall works very well!”
JSM is an excellent tool for project management. The best part is we can create and track multiple things like features, related stories, tasks, incidents, and much more. It even gives us confluence where we can create documents, guides and all with different templates which can be further useful for other team members
[Jira Service Management vs Freshservice] Use cases and industry adoption
Suitability for different business sizes
Jira Service Management and Freshservice can adapt to the needs of small, medium, and large enterprises. However, their features make them more fitting for certain business sizes and industries.
Small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs)
Freshservice is a better fit for SMBs due to its user-friendly interface. The platform offers a range of features that match smaller teams’ needs.
The functionalities are available in their lower-tier plans. It makes it accessible for businesses with limited budgets. Additionally, Freshservice’s intuitive look and feel reduces the learning curve. This allows you to quickly get used to the platform.
Large enterprises
Jira Service Management, on the other hand, is a better choice for large enterprises. It supports complex IT environments and workflows. Its wide feature set makes it a perfect choice for companies that need:
- advanced customization options
- seamless integration with other Atlassian products (e.g., Jira Software, Confluence)
- scalability to support large teams and high ticket volumes
- comprehensive reporting and analytics
JSM’s flexibility allows enterprises to get exactly what they need out of the platform.
The right choice for specific industries
You can use Jira Service Management and Freshservice in various industries. Nevertheless, one tool may be better for a specific use case than the other.
IT and software development
Companies in the IT industry often lean towards Jira Service Management. It results from its native integration with Jira Software. This allows for better collaboration between ITSM and software development teams. Improved communication speeds up issue tracking and resolution.
What’s more, plugins on the Atlassian Marketplace make JSM a good fit for tech-savvy teams. They get industry-specific extensions and integrations.
Education and healthcare
Freshservice is popular in the education and healthcare sectors. All thanks to its simplicity. These two industries often have a wide user base. However, employees don’t always have technical knowledge.
Moreover, Freshservice has built-in asset management in a basic plan. This feature is particularly useful for education and healthcare. It lets them manage a wide asset choice, from IT equipment to medical devices.
Notable customer examples
Below, you will find the customer portfolios of JSM and Freshservice. It will give you more insight into their real-world applications.
Jira Service Management customers
You can find the case studies linked above. They are the perfect examples of JSM usage. Some companies have more complex requirements, for instance, when it comes to keeping the data safe. Thanks to Marketplace apps like Queues for Jira Service Management, ISS Group, and other customers can control permissions across their service desks. It strengthens data security and prevents the risk of losing important information.
How to manage permissions in Queues for Jira & JSM?
By default, only site administrators can manage queues. However, you can delegate this permission to other groups of users if needed.
To grant queue administration privileges:
- Go to Permissions.
- Select the specific group or groups of users who should be able to administer Deviniti Queues, in addition to users with the “Administer Jira” global permission.
On the Atlassian website, you can read more about customer success stories with Jira Service Management.
Freshservice customers
Choose between Freshservice and Jira Service Management based on specific business needs
Picking the right ITSM tool can be tricky. It’s worth a while to think it through. Both Freshservice and Jira Service Management are powerful options. The thing is that by default they can match different needs.
Freshservice is a great choice if you’re new to ITSM or have a small team. It’s easy to set up and use, even for non-technical folks. Plus, their AI assistant, Freddy, helps with self-service.
On the other hand, Jira Service Management is a good fit for companies already using Atlassian products like Jira Software. It offers tons of customization options for complex requirements. This makes it a strong choice for larger organizations.
FAQ
-
Why is ITSM software important?
IT service management (ITSM) software helps businesses deliver IT support better. Implementing the right toolset can benefit both your employees and external customers.
How? Here’s what ITSM software can do for you:
- Less busy work for IT. ITSM automates tasks, like resetting passwords. This frees up IT staff to focus on bigger issues and keep things running.
- Easier help for everyone. ITSM software creates a single system where everyone can request assistance and track the progress of their issues. This makes it faster to get problems solved and builds trust between IT and everyone else. Plus, ITSM often gives self-serve options like online guides and knowledge bases. This supports users in fixing common problems themselves. It also gives your IT staff more time to focus on complex problems.
- Happier external customers. For companies that deal directly with customers, ITSM can be a game-changer. Imagine a customer having trouble placing an order or using your product. With ITSM software, they can easily request help through a user-friendly portal. They can also track the progress of their issue. This transparency and quick resolution keep customers happy and loyal.
In short, ITSM tools make it easier (and faster!) for everyone to get help. It’s a win-win.
-
What is the difference between Jira Service Management and Jira Service Desk?
Jira Service Desk, now part of Jira Service Management (JSM), was a basic system for tracking service requests. JSM offers all those features, plus advanced capabilities for (ITSM) like:
- SLAs (Service Level Agreements). Set specific targets for how quickly you respond to and resolve issues.
- Incident Management. Track and resolve critical incidents impacting your IT services.
- Problem Management. Identify the root cause of recurring issues to prevent them from happening again.
- Change Management. Manage changes to your IT infrastructure in a controlled way to minimize disruption.
-
Is Jira Service Management worth it?
If you need a simple way to track a few requests, a free ticketing system might be enough. But JSM is a good investment for growing teams. As your team size and complexity increase, JSM’s features can help you stay organized. It’s similar when it comes to complex IT environments. JSM helps you deliver the best quality IT services and ensure they meet users’ needs.
-
How does Freshservice’s IT service management compare to Jira’s project management capabilities?
Freshservice focuses on IT service requests, like password resets or software installation issues. Jira is a broader project management tool. It can handle various projects across different teams. The tool can support your teams in, for example, marketing campaigns or software development.
-
Can Freshservice’s ticketing system compete with Jira Service Management’s issue-tracking features?
Both tools help manage service requests and issues. Freshservice has a user-friendly interface and is considered more simple. The tool is great for smaller teams and basic needs. Jira Service Management, on the other hand, offers more customization options. It allows for adding specific attachments or linking issues directly to development projects in Jira. This can result in faster fixes.
-
Breakdown of pricing models for Freshservice and Jira Service Management with key differences.
Freshservice: Offers a free plan with limitations (number of agents) and paid tiers with more features.
Jira Service Management: Pricing depends on the number of users and features needed. They have a free trial and paid tiers with advanced functionalities.
-
Which platform offers more flexibility for customizing workflows and interfaces (Freshservice vs Jira Service Management)?
Jira Service Management offers more flexibility for adjusting:
- Workflows – define how requests automatically progress based on urgency, type, or other criteria.
- Interfaces – tailor the user interface to your team’s needs. Hide unnecessary fields or add custom buttons.
-
How do Freshservice and Jira Service Management facilitate team collaboration on service requests and issues?
Both platforms enable collaboration through:
- Comments, where you can discuss requests and issues with your team.
- Task assignment that allows you to assign specific tasks to team members.
- Knowledge base to build a repository of solutions to common problems.
-
Are there any trade-offs to consider between Freshservice and Jira Service Management?
Freshservice might be friendlier for beginners. However, JSM offers more flexibility. Consider your team’s technical skills and what features are most important for you.
-
To what extent can workflows be automated in Freshservice and Jira Service Management?
Both platforms let you automate repetitive tasks in your workflows. However, Jira Service Management might have a wider range of automation options. With the tool, you can automatically send notifications or assign tasks based on certain criteria.
-
How do Freshservice and Jira Service Management prioritize data security and user privacy?
Both take data security seriously, using encryption and access controls to keep your information safe. They also comply with relevant data privacy regulations to protect user information.
-
What kind of reporting and analytics features do Freshservice and Jira Service Management offer?
They provide charts and reports to track key metrics like resolution times and customer satisfaction. JSM offers more in-depth reporting options, allowing you to get detailed information about specific areas.
-
How do Freshservice and Jira Service Management allow users to provide feedback?
Think of both platforms as having suggestion boxes. Users can provide feedback through surveys or built-in feedback mechanisms. Jira Service Management also integrates with other Atlassian tools for a more comprehensive feedback loop.
Learn more on topic
Katarzyna Kornaga
Katarzyna is a Content Specialist, responsible for writing on the Deviniti blog. She values helpful, unique content where users can find answers to their questions. When not writing, you can find her walking her dog, Loki, flowing through Ashtanga yoga classes, or curled up with a good book at home.
More from this authorLet's explore the galaxy of possibilities
Subscribe to the newsletter and don't miss the most interesting articles and videos! Don't worry, we won't flood your inbox with a wave of cosmic debris.